Reference Library Web Engineering
	This page provides access to a variety of downloadable papers that address web engineering issues. The following topics are considered: E-project Management General Business Issues Introduction Reengineering Related Topics Reuse Metrics OO Web Engineering Process Software Configuration Management (SCM) Web Apps E-project Management e-Project Management for the New e-Reality [PDF] Peter Kulik This paper highlights differences between e-projects and traditional projects. It suggests a process and framework for e-project management that adapts proven project management rigor for use in the fast paced, time crazed new economy. e-Project Management for the New Reality [HTML] Peter Kulik and Robert Samuelsen This article discusses a process and framework for e-project management. This article also discusses schedule management, and scope management, quality management, and release management. How to Know When Your Requirement Metrics Stink? Or… Determining the Effectives of Your Measurement Process [PDF] Peter Baxter This slide presentation covers the following topics: measurement evolution, measurement process model, measurement standard, measurement information model, how good metrics go bad, measurement effectiveness, effectiveness survey, and do my requirements metrics stink. Maintaining Project Agility [HTML] Johanna Rothman E-project management is about the ability to adapt quickly to changing conditions. This paper presents ways to adapt while your project becomes less agile. Managing E-Projects [HTML] *FEE* Alexandre Rodrigues This article discusses the two main requirements for the success of IT projects: alignment and rapid, low-cost delivery. The article discusses what these are and how they can be achieved. Back to the top General Business Issues A Day in the Life of Ten WWW Users [PDF] Michael D. Byrne, Bonnie E. John and Elizabeth Joyce The authors videotaped ten volunteers as they used the World-Wide Web during a normal work day, asking them to think-aloud as they used the Web. They analyzed these videotapes at the level of user-intentions to form a taxonomy of tasks these people performed. They also coded these tapes at the level of user actions. The data reveal that several previous claims about browsing behavior are questionable, and suggests that that widget-centered approaches to interface design and evaluation may be incomplete with respect to good user interfaces for the Web. Internet Economy: Current State and Future Trends [PDF] Anthony Tjan, Alexandre Scherer and Ali Rahimtula This slide presentation presents: the state of the internet, competitive advantage in the new economy, and future trends and near-term considerations. Internet Software Engineering: Design and Implementation of Interactive Web Applications [PDF] Karl M. Göschka Software Engineering on the Web must close the semantic gap between distributed databases and the Web browser as standard user interface. This paper introduces a novel design and implementation technique for Web-based distributed information systems. Using a state machine model, a database powered Web application prototype has been successfully implemented. It is a Europe--wide product marketing system for rural areas funded by the European Commission, and is currently in the pilot phase. Trends in Future Web Designs: What's Next for the HCI Professional? [PDF] Mary Czerwinsku and Kevin Larson This article outlines many new interaction trends for information management on the Web. The authors approach was to collect, study and analyze a large set of new Web browsers, along with a variety of interaction dimensions which were generated from research on HCI techniques and technological breakthroughs. Workshop on Engineering e-Business Systems Report on the Panel: Future Trends [PDF] David Akehurst and Rogério de Lemos This paper was the result of the workshop on engineering e-business systems. The intent of the Panel was to discuss the future of e-Business systems and how these types of systems should be engineered. Back to the top Introduction SilverStream eXtend Workbench Tutorial: Developing a Web Application Version 4.0.1 [PDF] SilverStream This tutorial guides you to use SilverStream eXtendWorkbench to develop a Web application. Topics covered include: workbench projects, J2EE WARs (Web applications packaged in Web archives), J2EE application servers, struts open source framework for the Model-View-Controller application architecture, and J2EE techniques for database access. Summary of the Second ICSE Workshop on Web Engineering [PDF] *FEE* Yogesh Deshpande and San Murugesan The topics of this workshop were: perspectives of Web engineering, navigation and adaptivity, design aspects, acceptance criteria for Web-based systems, development and management of Web-based systems, Web metrics, and case studies. The Essence of Web Engineering Managing the Diversity and Complexity of Web Application Development [PDF] Athula Ginige and San Murugesan This article discusses Web application development and practices. Web Engineering: An Introduction [PDF] Athula Ginige and San Murugesan This article presents an overview of Web engineering. This article also discusses a Web design framework that makes application reuse possible, an object-oriented approach to legacy integration, complexity of Web applications, and Web crisis. Web Engineering: Creating a Discipline Among Disciplines [PDF] *FEE* Yogesh Deshpande and Steve Hansen Web engineering cuts across many disciplines; computer science, information systems, and software engineering. This article discusses characteristics and development of Web-based applications: application development and user orientation, categories of applications, wider user base and graphic design, security considerations, legal, social and ethical issues, site document and link management, end user computing, new types of applications, network and Web performance, evolving standards, protocols and tools, and virtual organizations. Web Engineering in Practice [PDF] Andrew McDonald and Ray Welland During October, November and December 2000, the authors conducted interviews with a number of people within organizations in the United Kingdom who are involved in the development of Web-based applications. The goals of the survey were to try to identify more clearly the major issues facing the development of Web-based systems, and to see which, if any, traditional software engineering practices and techniques were being successfully applied. This paper describes the background and results of the authors survey, and the conclusions that can be drawn about the practice of Web Engineering. They also discuss the major characteristics that describe Web-based application development, and the issues that a successful Web engineering process will have to address. What a Tangled Web We Weave [PDF] *FEE* Roger S. Pressman This article asks: can WebApps be engineered? Can software engineering principles, concepts, and methods be applied to WebApp development? This article answers what is Web engineering? Framework activities and managing Web engineering are also discussed. Back to the top Reengineering A Practitioner's Approach to Evolving and Remodeling Large - Scale WWW Sites [PDF] Paris A. Zafiris, Nektarios P. Georgantis, George E. Kalamaras, Sotiris P. Christodoulou and Theodore S. Papatheodorou This paper first presents and discusses an integrated process model for maintenance and evolution of Web sites. Specific steps of the model are then addressed. Finally a case study of ULYSSES is presented. A Tool-Supported Method to Extract Data and Schema from Web Sites [PDF] Estiévenart Fabrice, François Aurore, Henrad Jean and Hainaut Jean-Luc The goal of this slide presentation is to provide methods and tools for Web sites reengineering. The method steps and tools are presented. Model - Based Approaches to Reengineering Web Pages [PDF] Laurent Bouillon, Jean Vanderdonckt and Jacob Eisenstein Web sites are rarely designed and developed to fit such a large variety of contexts of use as each context (e.g., each computing platform, each device) has its own set of constraints. This paper describes a model-based approach for reengineering Web pages into a presentation and a dialog model stored with XIML, a model-based user interface specification language. These models are then further exploited to reengineer other user interfaces either for the same context of use (by changing presentation design options) or for different contexts of use (by changing properties of computing platform model). Towards a Web Site Architecture Framework for Reengineering [PDF] Holger M. Kienle and Hausi A. Müller Understanding the evolution, and managing the reengineering of a large Web site is as hard as evolving a large software system of comparable size. The authors propose the development of a Web site architecture framework characterizing Web sites for a better understanding of (1) the nature of Web sites, (2) what Web site understanding and reengineering comprises, and (3) how Web site understanding and reengineering can be made easier. This paper discusses approaches that can serve as a starting point for such a framework. Understanding and Restructuring Web Sites with ReWeb [PDF] Filippo Ricca and Paolo Tonella This article investigates automatic and semiautomatic Web site analysis. The authors developed a tool called ReWeb to achieve this. Their focus is on architecture and evolution. A case study is presented with ReWeb that confirms that an automatic or semiautomatic tool can help developers understand and maintain Web sites. Back to the top Related Topics A Proposed Curriculum for a Masters in Web Engineering [PDF] E. James Whitehead, Jr. To address the significant technical demand for trained Web Engineers, and to raise the current state of the practice of Web Engineering, a Master's level degree program in Web Engineering is proposed. The most significant research disciplines for Web Engineering are Network Engineering, Software Engineering, Databases and Storage Systems, and Hypermedia. A curriculum organization is proposed that consists of coursework that covers the key knowledge areas, along with a multi-semester Web design project that synthesizes and applies this knowledge on a real-world Web application. Checklist for Web Site Quality Assurance [PDF] Klaus Quibeldey-Cirkel This paper introduces a Microsoft Excel based checklist of more than 200 criteria, categorized and equipped with automatic graphic analysis, for determining what results in a good experience for the Web site customer. The checklist is a product of a recent research and development project consisting of about 250 person days, conducted by the University of Siegen, Germany and the software company TLC GmbH of Deutsche Bahn. TLC GmbH has just re-launched one of Europe's most frequented travel portals, www.bahn.de. The checklist considers industry best practices, generally accepted Web conventions, and has successfully been applied in several e-business projects. Client and Legacy Integration in Object - Oriented Web Engineering [PDF] *FEE* Karl M. Goeschka and Markus W. Schranz This article presents an engineering framework that manages the entire engineering process by supporting all stages of a Web service's life cycle. This method is based on techniques like UML, XML and Corbra that allows for the integration of different clients over a distributed environment. Several case studies were done with the engineering framework. RDF, Semantics, and the Future of the World Wide Web [PPT] Nathan Piazza This PowerPoint presentation defines semantic Web, what it can do, what makes a semantic Web, RDF, RDF schema, ontologies and DAML+OIL, and RDP applications in process. Server Capacity Planning for Web Traffic Workload [PDF] *FEE* Krishna Kant and Youjip Won This paper presents a methodology for determining bandwidth requirements for various hardware components of a Web server. These bandwidth requirements include memory, processor data bus, network adapters, disk adapters, I/O-memory paths, and I/O buses. Three sample workloads were considered: standard SPECWeb96, a SPECWeb96- like workload that assumes dynamic data and retransmissions, and WebProxy, which models a Web proxy server that does not do much caching and, thus, has rather severe requirements Back to the top Reuse Abstraction and Reuse Mechanisms in Web Application Models [PDF] Gustavo Rossi, Daniel Schwabe and Fernando Lyardet This paper analyzes different abstraction and reuse mechanisms that should be used in Web applications to improve their evolution and maintenance. First the OOHDM approach is reviewed for defining a Web application model, in particular the separation of the navigational model from the conceptual model. This paper focuses next on abstraction and composition mechanisms in both models showing how to combine OOHDM's views with the concept of node aggregation. This paper introduces navigation and interface patterns and shows the way in which patterns generate the architecture of Web design frameworks. Engineering Web Applications for Reuse [PDF] *FEE* Daniel Schwabe, Luiselena Esmeraldo, Gustavo Rossi and Fernando Lyardet This paper introduces Web design frameworks as a way to reuse design in Web applications. This paper also discusses using OOHDM (Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method) as a conceptual framework to discuss types of reuse. The relation between Web design frameworks and Web application frameworks is discussed. Supporting Compositional Reuse in Component - Based Web Engineering [PDF] Martin Gaedke and Jörn Rehse Fine-grained development artifacts, design patterns, and other well-established Software Engineering methods are hard to reuse in the Web after they have found their way into implementation resources. This paper explains how the object-oriented and component-based WebComposition Markup Language (WCML) addresses these problems. A systematic approach to code reuse is presented with the WebComposition Repository, which is an essential tool for retrieval and classification of large component sets. The Repository's architecture is crafted to support multiple representation and classification approaches. It facilitates reuse in component-based Web Engineering. Web Design Frameworks: An Approach to Improve Reuse in Web Applications [PDF] Daniel Schwabe, Gustavo Rossi , Luiselena Esmeraldo and Fernando Lyardet This paper presents Web design frameworks as a conceptual approach to maximize reuse in Web applications. This paper first analyzes the current state of the art of Web applications design, stating the need for an approach that clearly separates concerns (conceptual, navigational, interface). This paper then briefly introduces the OOHDM approach for Web applications design. The authors then focus on the problem of design reuse in Web applications. Web Engineering - Aspects of Reuse in the Web [PPT] Martin Gaedke This PowerPoint presentation contains the following topics: introduction (history of the Web, Web engineering), hypermedia design patterns (hypermedia design pattern repository, examples), component-based Web engineering (motivation, evolution, integration of Web-based components), and research issues (federated Web applications, WebComposition approach, configuration and specifications). Back to the top Metrics A Framework for Developing E - Business Metrics Through Functionality Interaction [PDF] Frederick J. Riggins and Saby Mitra Researchers require metrics to build analytical models of the impact of managerial strategy on firm performance and to validate empirical field research on specific managerial tactics. In this paper, a comprehensive framework is developed for identifying e-business applications associated with activities upstream in the value chain that complements an existing framework for applications further down the value chain. The authors propose that the real value proposition in e-business applications can be found in functionality interaction where one application enables the successful functionality in another application. Empirically Validated Web Page Design Metrics [PDF] Melody Y. Ivory, Rashmi R. Sinha and Marti A. Hearst A quantitative analysis of a large collection of expert-rated Web sites reveals that page-level metrics can accurately predict if a site will be highly rated. The analysis also provides empirical evidence that important metrics, including page composition, page formatting, and overall page characteristics, differ among Web site categories such as education, community, living, and finance. These results provide an empirical foundation for Web site design guidelines and also suggest which metrics can be most important for evaluation via user studies. Interactive Audience Measurement and Advertising Campaign Reporting and Audit Guidelines [PDF] Interactive Advertising Bureau Consistent and accurate measurement of Internet advertising is critical for acceptance of the Internet and is an important factor in the growth of Internet advertising spending. This document establishes detailed definitions for several key metrics used in Internet measurement and provides certain guidelines for Internet advertising sellers (herein referred to as "media companies" or "sites") and ad serving organizations for establishing consistent and accurate measurements. Additionally, this document is intended to provide guidance to users of Internet measurements for understanding the origin of key metrics and a roadmap for evaluating the quality of procedures applied by media companies and/or ad serving organizations. Measurement Process Effectiveness Quantifying Measurement Benefits [DOC] Distributive Software This paper presents an integrated framework for quantifying the effectiveness of a measurement process. This is done by examining the extent of which measurement process goals and objectives are met and also of which managers utilize measurement information during decision making. Using Measurement for Risk Management [PDF] Peter Baxter This paper describes a typical risk management process and the information needs for managing a risk process. Back to the top OO Web Engineering Object - Orienting the Web Towards Objects and Object Models [PDF] *FEE* Meredith Wiggins This article discusses how to keep advantages of the Web while making it a more reasonable platform for general computing systems. One approach is defining Web objects. Object - Oriented Web Application Development [PDF] Hans-W. Gellersen and Martin Gaedke The development of Web application is still mostly ad hoc and there is no systematic approach to the development and management of Web applications. This article summarizes work reported on WebComposition, which is a model for Web application development. This article also introduces WebComposition Markup Language that is an XML-based language and implements the WebComposition model. Object Oriented Web Design [PDF] Ellef Gjelstad This report discusses OO Web design. First the object is presented in an OO model and it is then simplified. The model is then translated to XML and the XML file can then be translated into a Web site. The contents of this paper include: overview of the project, we are making a presentation, making the OO model, making the simplified OO model, making the XML file, making the Web site, and working with different presentations. Programming the Web: The W3C DOM Specification [PDF] *FEE* Lauren Wood Although almost all Web sites use scripting, scripting interfaces are not standard. The interface in this article is called Document Object Model in which the parts of the document are treated as objects. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is developing a standard interface to HTML and XML with the Document Object Model Working Group (DOMWG). This article discusses the languages DOMWG is concerned with and also details what DOMWG is doing Software Engineering: E - Business Challenges [HTML] Paul Allen This article lists some key messages for applying software engineering to e-business. Back to the top Process Agile Web Engineering (AWE) Process [PDF] Andrew McDonald and Ray Welland This paper describes the Agile Web Engineering (AWE) Process to be used in developing Web-based applications. This process handles the problems associated with the development of Web-based applications, including: short development life-cycle times, small multidisciplinary development teams, and delivery of bespoke solutions integrating software and data. Building Web Solutions with the Rational Unified Process: Unifying the Creative Design Process and the Software Engineering Process [PDF] Rational Software and Context Integration This paper describes the Rational UnifiedTM process developed by Rational® Software, which can be used for the development of Web applications. This paper discusses how to integrate the creative design process with the software engineering process of the Rational Unified Process. This paper also discusses Context Integrations experience and extensions to the Rational Unified Process. Experiences in Engineering Flexible Web Services [PDF] *FEE* Engin Kirda, Mehdi Jazayeri, Clemens Kerer and Markus Schranz In this article the authors share eight valuable lessons they have learned in their experience of building the Vienna International Festival's Web service; a large, dynamic Web service. Modeling Web Application Architectures with UML [PDF] Jim Conallen This paper presents an extension to UML that will allow Web-specific components to be integrated with the system model and also to exhibit the proper level of abstraction and detail. Supporting Web Development in the OPEN Process: Additional Tasks [PDF] B. Haire, B. Henderson-Sellers and D. Lowe This paper reviews the efficiency of the OO/CB development process (OPEN) in Web development. The authors propose and amended activities and tasks of OPEN in able for the process to fully support the new demands of Website creation and delivery of business value. Towards the Engineering of Commercial Web - Based Applications [PPT] Cornelia Boldyreff This PowerPoint presentation outlines the following topics: Web site development and maintenance, Web metrics, Web site evolution, Web management and design processes, and Web site engineering. Web - Based Agile Software Development [PDF] Mikio Aoyama This article describes the Agile Software Process which is being used at Fujitsu, and what the author has experienced with the process. The process will develop software quickly and maintain flexibility to changing requirements. Back to the top Software Configuration Management (SCM) Web Apps Configuration Management as a Basis for Internet Cooperation [PDF] Peter Fröhlich and Wolfgang Nejdl Several document management systems supporting asynchronous cooperation over the world-wide Web have been proposed. This paper presents an object-oriented CM data model which supports cooperative work and integrates features needed for internet cooperation (cooperation spaces, access control) with configuration management. This data model, implemented using the deductive object-oriented database ConceptBase, is the basis of the WebRC system, the first Web-based cooperation tool with full configuration management support. Controlling the Chaos of Web Development [PDF] Rational Software This paper presents the Web Application Configuration Management to help control chaos in Web development. Contents of this paper include: the Web application environment, proven best practices in Web development, and WACM means control. CVS Version Control for Web Site Projects [PDF] Sean Dreilinger CVS version control is used to track any sort of change made to our Web sites, whether it's a single edit of one file to fix a typo, or a series of adjustments to a project where several files, folders, and graphics are added to (or removed from) the site. Contents of this paper include: software setup, creating a new Web site from scratch, starting work on an existing Web site, editing a Web site with version controlled files, committing your work to the site repository, keeping track of who is doing what, publishing completed work to the Web, rolling back Web site changes and version, after a project, and CVC administration notes. Metadata Standards for Web - Based Resources [PDF] Achim Steinacker, Amir Ghavam and Ralf Steinmetz This article discusses the reason for having a metadata standard, how to describe a resource with metadata, the World Wide Web Consortium's Resource Description Framework (RDF), and the IEEE Working Group's Learning Object Metadata (LOM) Scheme. Problems with metadata approaches are also discussed. Semantics in Web Engineering: Applying the Resource Description Framework [PDF] *FEE* Reinhold Klapsing, Gustaf Neumann and Wolfram Conen This article presents a formal Web application description model called the Extensible Web Modeling Framework (XWMF). This model applies the Resource Description Framework (RDF). RDF if used in WXMF to describe Web resources' properties and relationships. Back to the top